卤素（halogen）.docVIP

卤素（halogen） With the increase of molecular weight, the dispersion force between halogen molecules gradually increases, the color becomes darker, and their melting point, boiling point, density and atomic volume also increase in turn The chemical properties of halogens are very similar. There are 7 electrons in their outermost electron layer, and they have the tendency of obtaining an electron to form a stable eight - point structure of halide ions Except for F, the oxidation states of halogens are +1, +3, +5 and +7 Synthesis of halogenated hydrogen with halogen and hydrogen; soluble in water to form halogenated acid. Compounds formed between halogens are called halides, such as ClF3 and ICl. Halogens can also form many valence states of oxygen acids such as HClO, HClO2, HClO3, and HClO4. Halogen elements are stable, and halogen molecules are difficult to break down in addition to I2 The toxicity of halogen elements decreased successively from F From F to At, the acidity of hydrides increased, but the stability of hydrides showed a decreasing trend. Oxidation: F2, Cl2, Br2, I2, At2, but the reverse is the opposite. Stability: HFHCLHBrHI Acidity: HFHCLHBrHI Anion reducibility: F-Cl-Br-I- In addition, the chemical properties of halogens are more active, so halogen exists only in the chemical form in nature. F2 (gaseous) A light yellow gas at room temperature; highly toxic. Reacts with water to produce hydrofluoric acid and oxygen at once, and burns, which can cause the container to burst and explode for a long time. Fluorine, hydrogen fluoride and hydrofluoric acid have a strong corrosive effect on glass. Fluorine is the most oxidizing element and can only be -1. It has no positive valence The reaction between elemental fluorine and salt solution is first reaction with water, and the reaction of hydrofluoric acid with salt will lead to explosion. Chemically active and capable of reacting with almost all elements (except helium and neon). Water solution hydrofluoric aci