工商企业负债结构优化的理论及方法和典型案例分析.docVIP

摘 要 在我国市场经济条件下,企业负债经营是一种正常的理财手段,合理利用债务筹资,优化资本结构有利于促进企业的发展。但是过度的负债经营也会给企业带来一定的财务风险,过高的债务负担增加了还本压力也增加了企业的破产的危险。企业发展的成功往往需要相应的资金，企业的资金源于营业利润、资产重组、借债和发行股票，确定合理的企业资本结构对于成功的战略实施至关重要。其中，合理的负债结构是解决企业财务危机和企业的战略实施、乃至企业生存的重要基础；同样，成功的战略实施也是合理负债结构得以维持的保证。 多年来，财务理论界与实务界对企业资本结构，即企业的全部资金来源中，权益资本与负债资本的比例关系研究较多，且颇为深入，而对负债资本内部的构成及比例关系探讨较少。我们不能只把眼光紧紧盯住资产负债的高低，还应把握好企业负债结构，尤其是长短期债务的分配。我们知道，如果企业负债结构不合理，不但会引起企业的财务危机，而且很大程度上还会影响到企业的价值。这同样应该引起我们的重视。 本文主要讨论工商企业的债务结构问题，阐述了企业债务结构的相关基础理论通过对基础理论的分析继而对我国工商企业经营现状的整体分析。最后通过对我国三大航空公司负债项目的数字进行对比分析这些公司的负债结构并提出优化的方法及建议。 关键词：负债结构；负债结构优化；长期负债；短期负债；资产负债表; ABSTRACT Under the conditions of market economy in China, business debt management is a normal financial means, reasonable use of debt financing, capital structure optimization help to promote the development of enterprises. But excessive debt management to the enterprise will bring some financial risk, increase the debt burden is too high principal stress increases the risk of corporate bankruptcy. The success of business development often requires the appropriate funds, enterprise funds from the operating profit, asset restructuring, debt and issuing stock, determine a reasonable capital structure is essential for the successful implementation of the strategy. Among them, a reasonable debt structure to solve the financial crisis and corporate business strategy implementation, as well as an important basis for business survival; Similarly, the successful implementation of the strategy is to maintain a reasonable guarantee of debt Over the years, financial theorists and practitioners of corporate capital structure, that is the source of all funds of enterprises, equity capital and liabilities of the relationship between the ratio of capital more, and quite in depth, while the gearing ratio between the internal of the structure and less. We can not just look closely pegged to the level of assets and liabilities, but also my good company debt structure, in particular the distributio