惯性惯性定律和惯性参照系.PDF

惯性、惯性定律和惯性参照系 张正华 （zhangzh9921@） 摘要：分析伽利略、牛顿、朗格等人对惯性、惯性参照系的阐述，剔除其中不合理的内容， 分析牛顿力学定律的适用条件，认为：不受力的物体没有运动状态。惯性是物体保持原来运 动状态的能力。在不给物体施加新的作用力时，物体保持原来的运动状态。而物体原来的运 动状态是变速运动。惯性参照系就是能将被研究物体在特定力的作用下的运动从原来的变速 运动中单独析出的参照系。如果力f作用于被研究物体而不作用于参照物体，而且f之外的 其他作用力不使两者产生相对运动，或可以产生相对运动但能以合理的方式剔除，则在此时 考察被研究物体在力f作用下的运动规律，固定于该参照物体的参照系就是惯性参照系。 关键词：惯性；惯性定律；惯性参照系 Inertial,Inertial LawandInertial ReferenceSystem ZhangZheng-hua Abstract: Abstract: AAbbssttrraacctt:: Analyze the explanation of inertial and inertial reference system by Galileo, Newton, Lange and so on, remove the unreasonable content, analyze the applicable conditions of the laws of Newtonian mechanics, think that: The object without force acting on it does not have motion state.Inertial is the object’s ability to keep the former motion state. The object will keep its former motion state without new forces acting on it. And the object’s former motion state is variable motion. Inertial reference system is the reference system which can separate the motion of the object being studied under specific force out alone from the former variable motion state. If the force f acts on the object being studied rather than the reference object, and the other acting forces besides f don’t cause relative motion of them, or may cause relative motion but can be removed by reasonable ways, then under this condition observe and study the motion law of the object being studied under the force f, the reference system fixed on the reference object is inertial referencesystem. Keywords: Keywords: KKeeyywwoorrddss::inertial; inertial law;inertial referencesystem 1 引言 1632年伽利略就提出了惯性问题。1687年，牛顿在《自然哲学之数学原理》 300 中对惯性进行了阐述，并提出了包含惯性定律在内的牛顿力学三定律。 多年 来，牛顿力学理论取得了巨大的成功。但是，针对牛顿对惯性所做的阐述，和牛 顿确立的惯性定律，无论当时还是后世，均有人对其合理性提出质疑。此外