轴对称时光机.ppt

軸對稱時光機 「廣義相對論的物理與數學」 暑期研習營 2011.8.19 葉李華 / 大綱 ●時光旅行的科與幻 ●軸對稱時光機發展簡史 ●（廣義相對論架構下）為何時光可能倒流 ●軸對稱時光機的直覺解釋 ●光錐結構的深入探討 ●容許封閉類時曲線的時空 ●淺探：究竟是物理還是數學？ ●時光旅行的科與幻 ●軸對稱時光機發展簡史 ●（廣義相對論架構下）為何時光可能倒流 ●軸對稱時光機的直覺解釋 ●光錐結構的深入探討 ●容許封閉類時曲線的時空 ●淺探：究竟是物理還是數學？ 時光旅行的科幻鼻祖 “The Time Machine”(1895) Herbert George Wells (1866-1946) Chapter One Clearly, the Time Traveller proceeded, any real body must have extension in FOUR directions: it must have Length, Breadth, Thickness, and--Duration. But through a natural infirmity of the flesh, which I will explain to you in a moment, we incline to overlook this fact. There are really four dimensions, three which we call the three planes of Space, and a fourth, Time. There is, however, a tendency to draw an unreal distinction between the former three dimensions and the latter, because it happens that our consciousness moves intermittently in one direction along the latter from the beginning to the end of our lives. 介於科學和科幻之間的時光旅行 時光機Vs時光隧道 /title/tt0268695/ /title/tt0060036/ 前往未來的時光旅行 古典物理？ 狹義相對論 廣義相對論 回到過去的時光旅行 古典物理？ 狹義相對論 廣義相對論 ●時光旅行的科與幻 ●軸對稱時光機發展簡史 ●（廣義相對論架構下）為何時光可能倒流 ●軸對稱時光機的直覺解釋 ●光錐結構的深入探討 ●容許封閉類時曲線的時空 ●淺探：究竟是物理還是數學？ 最早的 Lanczos, C. (1924) “On a Stationary Cosmology in the Sense of Einstein’s Theory of Gravitation” van Stockum, W.(1937) “The gravitational field of a distribution of particles rotating around an axis of symmetry” Tipler, F. (1974) “Rotating Cylinders and the Possibility of Global Causality Violation” 最著名的 G?del, K. (1949) “An example of a new type of cosmological solution of Einsteins field equations of gravitation” Kurt Friedrich G?del (1906-1978) One of the most significant logicians of all time. G?del’s Universe Stationary but not Static Anisotropic but Homogeneous Axially symmetric but without a definite axis Inconsistent with observations 最有可能的 Kerr, R.(1963) “Gravitational field of a spinning mass as an example of algebraically special metrics” Newman E. et al (1965) “