设施蔬菜瓶颈及对策探究.docVIP

设施蔬菜瓶颈及对策探究 摘　要：连作障碍、流通环节的弊端已成为设施蔬菜产业的两大瓶颈，限制其效益的同时破坏着生态环境，深入、细致研究这两大瓶颈的成因及对策是蔬菜产业必须解决的重要课题。本文论述了连作障碍成为设施蔬菜的第一瓶颈在生产实际中的普遍性，从土壤理化性状、养分平衡、次生盐积累、土壤酸化、微生物群落变化、植物自毒作用等方面着重分析了连作障碍的形成原因及发生规律，在此基础上，从合理轮作、科学施肥、应用嫁接技术三大方面阐述了克服连作障碍的技术措施。通过对连作障碍的论述，从保护生态环境这一高度确立了蔬菜的科学种植的重要性，从反面论述了滥用化肥农药等不科学做法的危害性。提出了设施蔬菜产业的另一瓶颈即流通环节所存在的弊端和隐患，全面论述了蔬菜安全检测的重要性和优质蔬菜、普通蔬菜、问题蔬菜的价值，指出蔬菜食品安全应以国家法律法规和奖罚制度加以约束，促使广大生产者重视提高产品品质、改善土壤生态环境、避免连作障碍。 关键词：设施蔬菜；连作障碍；流通 中图分类号：S432　　　文献标志码：A　　　文章编号：1008-1038(2016)11-0040-05 Study on the Bottleneck and Countermeasure of Facility Vegetable WANG Xi-ming, WANG Li-hua (Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Huaian City, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 223200, China) Abstract: Continuous cropping obstacleomd circulation drawbacks have become the two major bottleneck of facilities vegetables, which are limiting its effectiveness at the same time destroying the environment. Depth and detailed study on these the author and countermeasures vegetable production is an important issue that must be addressed. In this article, discusses the first bottleneck continuous cropping obstacles in vegetable facility to become universal in the actual production from the soil physical and chemical properties, nutrient balance, secondary salt accumulation, soilacidification, changes in microbial communities, plants and other aspects Autotoxicity focuses on the continuous cropping occurrence causes and barriers. On this basis, from the rotation system, scientific fertilization, application of three aspects grafting technique described continuous cropping obstacles to overcome technical measures. Through continuous cropping obstacle discussion, from protecting the environment to establish the importance of this highly scientific cultivation of vegetables, from the opposite side discussed the abuse of chemical fertilizers and pesticides and other unscientific practices harmful. Proposed facility vegetable another major bottleneck that is the circulation of the drawbacks and risks, a comprehensiv