GRE点题201509 写作笔记.docx

GRE Reading Comprehension/Analytic Writing万炜主页: i.xdf.cn/wanwei邮箱: wanwei@xdf.cnAnalyze an Argument误区：1. Argument = 驳论= 挑文章的逻辑错误，批判2. 读文章的过程中看那句话有问题有挑错3. 套用专业术语来表现逻辑错误Argument: 论证, a set of statements in which one of the statements is supported by the othersThe supported statement is called the CONCLUSION.The supporting statements are called the PREMISES.Premise(s)哈士奇是狗 v Assumption v狗是宠物Conclusion哈士奇是宠物Analyze an Argument考试当中评价：Assumption万炜非常努力学习 v他的成绩一定会非常好每个段落的步骤：1. Identify (Premises, Conclusion, and Assumptions) of a particular step of reasoning2. Construct and EXPLAIN commonsense counterexamples (肯定前提、否定结论、反对假设)3. Request additional Evidence to help Evaluate (Strengthen/ Weaken) the reasoning首先，作者指出万炜学习非常努力，于是基于此，他就指出万炜肯定成绩非常好，很显然，作者假设了努力学习的人成绩一定好。然而，万炜可能很脑残，意味着无论他再怎么努力，他都无法考好。抑或是他考场上特别紧张，即便平时很努力，实力也很强，在考场上都不能充分的表现。于是，要想让读者更全面的评估作者的论证，他理应提供额外的信息。比如，我们需要知道万炜是否智商正常，以及他的考场习惯是否良好。缺乏这样的信息，作者的逻辑是无法说服人的。文章结构：开头：1. 复述原文结论In this …, the XXX argues/concludes/asserts that …2. 扼要陈述原文主要事实证据Her conclusion is mainly based on the following evidence. First, … Second, … Third, … Fourth, … Fifth, …3.提出本文观点 + 点出题目要求(1) assumption: However, underlying her reasoning are several unwarranted assumptions that seriously undermine the cogency of her argument. / Unfortunately, the argument is filled with assumptions and loopholes that render it unpersuasive.(2) question: However, before she can legitimately make her assertion, she needs to first address several crucial questions./ Unfortunately, without addressing several important questions, her conclusion can remain, at best, unpersuasive.(3) evidence: However, she needs to offer additional information to corroborate her argument, or else the conclusion can only remain problematic./ Unfortunately, unless she provides additional evidence to strengthen her argument, her reasoning cannot fully convince the readers.(4) alternative possibilities: However, without ruling out several alternative possibilities, her conclusion can only re