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关于引力场传播速度的原理和方程 汤克云【1】【2】 1 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 2 中国科学院国家天文台 kytang@bao.ac.cn 摘要 固体潮的基本特征是：在近海地区观测到的固体潮曲线与的固体潮理论曲线相比，存在明显的相位滞后；在内陆地区观测到的固体潮曲线与固体潮理论曲线吻合得较好，不存在明显的相位延迟。本文发现，目前所用的固体潮理论模型与牛顿超距作用模型不一致，而是暗含了引力场以光速传播的假定。将多站、不同时间的固体潮观测数据与超距作用模型及以光速传播模型比较，发现：固体潮观测数据与超距作用模型矛盾，而与以光速推迟传播模型符合得较好。我们得出准定量的结论，超距作用不符合观测实际，应予放弃；引力传播速度与光速相近。进一步，本文分别建立了准太阳潮传播方程和准太阴潮传播方程，给出了由日地距离、日月距离，并根据中国西部地区若干稳定台站的固体潮数据，定量解出了引力场的传播速度：引力场以光速传播，误差小于10%。 On the Propagation Speed of the Gravitational Field: Principle and Equations Keyun Tang【1】【2】 1 Institute of Geology and Geophysics, CAS 2 National Astronomy Observatories, CAS kytang@bao.ac.cn We have observed earth tide during the total solar eclipse of July of 2009; we have also obtained the tidal data from other stations during the non-eclipse periods. By comparing the observational curves to the theoretical curves of the earth tides from the same stations at same periods, we find that the two curves are well closed for the stations in the interior area and the two curves are far apart for the stations in the offshore area. This paper re-examines the definition of the theoretical model of the earth tide, the physical meaning of the astronomical parameters， especially the positions of the Sun and the Moon at the given time t，in the theoretical model of earth tide, they are not the true positions for the given time t. Actually they are the apparent positions corresponding to the given time t, the retarded positions at the time a certain durations before the given time t. Therefore the theoretical model for earth tide used now implicated that the gravitational field travels at the light speed. The comparisons between the observational curves and theoretical model show that the action at a distance can not naturally well explain the observations of the earth tide. The comparisons show observational evidences that the gravitational field must travel at the speed of the light. The relative uncertainties are less than 10%. 关于引力传播问题的四种表述方式 牛顿万有引力定律：引力