a hybrid smartphone indoor positioning solution for mobile lbs一种混合智能手机移动lbs室内定位解决方案.pdfVIP

Sensors 2012, 12, 17208-17233; doi:10.3390/s121217208 OPEN ACCESS sensors ISSN 1424-8220 /journal/sensors Article A Hybrid Smartphone Indoor Positioning Solution for Mobile LBS Jingbin Liu *, Ruizhi Chen, Ling Pei, Robert Guinness and Heidi Kuusniemi Department of Navigation and Positioning, Finnish Geodetic Institute, Geodeetinrinne 2, Masala 02431, Finland; E-Mails: ruizhi.chen@fgi.fi (R.C.); ling.pei@fgi.fi (L.P.); robert.guinness@fgi.fi (R.G.); heidi.kuusniemi@fgi.fi (H.K.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: jingbin.liu@fgi.fi; Tel.: +358-9-2955-5313; Fax: +358-9-2955-5200. Received: 29 October 2012; in revised form: 6 December 2012 / Accepted: 7 December 2012 / Published: 12 December 2012 Abstract: Smartphone positioning is an enabling technology used to create new business in the navigation and mobile location-based services (LBS) industries. This paper presents a smartphone indoor positioning engine named HIPE that can be easily integrated with mobile LBS. HIPE is a hybrid solution that fuses measurements of smartphone sensors with wireless signals. The smartphone sensors are used to measure the user’s motion dynamics information (MDI), which represent the spatial correlation of various locations. Two algorithms based on hidden Markov model (HMM) problems, the grid-based filter and the Viterbi algorithm, are used in this paper as the central processor for data fusion to resolve