a method for gauging landscape change as a prelude to urban watershed regeneration the case of the carioca river, rio de janeiro的方法来评估景观变化作为里约州河流域城市再生的情况下,里约热内卢.pdfVIP

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a method for gauging landscape change as a prelude to urban watershed regeneration the case of the carioca river, rio de janeiro的方法来评估景观变化作为里约州河流域城市再生的情况下,里约热内卢.pdf

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a method for gauging landscape change as a prelude to urban watershed regeneration the case of the carioca river, rio de janeiro的方法来评估景观变化作为里约州河流域城市再生的情况下,里约热内卢

Sustainability 2012, 4, 2054-2098; doi:10.3390/su4092054 OPEN ACCESS sustainability ISSN 2071-1050 /journal/sustainability Article A Method for Gauging Landscape Change as a Prelude to Urban Watershed Regeneration: The Case of the Carioca River, Rio de Janeiro Mônica Bahia Schlee 1,*, Kenneth R. Tamminga 2 and Vera Regina Tangari 3 1 City of Rio de Janeiro, Macro Urban Planning Department/Municipal Secretary of Urban Planning–CMP/SMU/PCRJ, Rua Santa Cristina 121, Santa Teresa, Rio de Janeiro, Cep. 20241-250, Brazil 2 Department of Landscape Architecture, 121 Stuckeman Family Building, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; E-Mail: krt1@ 3 School of Architecture and Urbanism, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro–FAU/UFRJ, R. Jornalista Orlando Dantas 62 apt. 403 , Rio de Janeiro, Cep. 22231-010, Brazil; E-Mail: vtangari@.br * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: monbasch@; Tel.: +55-021or +1-206-430-3227. Received: 25 June 2012; in revised form: 13 August 2012 / Accepted: 13 August 2012 / Published: 31 August 2012 Abstract: Natural systems undergo processes, flows, and rhythms that differ from those of urban sociocultural systems. While the former takes place over eras or many generations, the latter may occur within years or even months. Natural systems change includes no principle of intentional progress or enhancement of complexity. In contrast, sociocultural systems change occurs through inherited characteristics, learning, and cultural