上消化道大出血（Massive hemorrhage of upper digestive tract）.doc

上消化道大出血（Massive hemorrhage of upper digestive tract） Principles of diagnosis and treatment Massive alimentary tract (bleeding) is a common disease, which increases with age The rate of disease has also increased. In adults, acute gastrointestinal bleeding results in a blood loss of more than 800 ml, or approximately the total circulation 2000 of blood volume, when systolic pressure 100 mmHg, pulse rate 10. The patient will show hypotension during the second / minute Signs and signs, such as blurred vision, dizziness, cold feet, cold sweats, orthostatic syncope, etc.. Massive hemorrhage of upper digestive tract (mas- Sive, upper, alimentary, tract, bleeding) also called acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (acute, upper, gastrointestinal) Bleeding), for hematemesis (hematemesis), blood red (recent hemorrhage) or brown (slightly before the Blood), melena (melena) and odor (blood is decomposed in the gut). Melena (different from the ingestion of iron or secret preparations The stool black stool) usually indicates bleeding from the upper digestive tract, but also in the colon. Blood is expelled from the rectum Hematochezia (hematochezia), hematochezia usually indicates lower gastrointestinal bleeding from. Although the modern diagnostic technology has been greatly improved It is still a difficult problem to investigate the location and cause of gastrointestinal bleeding, and the mortality rate of gastrointestinal hemorrhage still lingers 6%, one, 1200. Section 1 upper gastrointestinal bleeding The upper digestive tract consists of the esophagus, stomach, duodenum, and the upper jejunum (also known as the Treitz ligament) and bile Avenue。 But clinically, bleeding occurred almost in the proximal part of the Treitz ligament and rarely came from the upper jejunum. For narrative purposes Then we discuss the small intestinal bleeding into the lower digestive tract bleeding. The etiology of upper gastrointestinal bleeding varies in different countries, Even in different parts