原创力文档airborne cow allergen, ammonia and particulate matter at homes vary with distance to industrial scale dairy operations an exposure assessment机载牛过敏原、氨和颗粒物在房屋随距离工业规模奶牛场操作暴露评估.pdfVIP
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airborne cow allergen, ammonia and particulate matter at homes vary with distance to industrial scale dairy operations an exposure assessment机载牛过敏原、氨和颗粒物在房屋随距离工业规模奶牛场操作暴露评估
Williams et al. Environmental Health 2011, 10:72
/content/10/1/72
RESEARCH Open Access
Airborne cow allergen, ammonia and particulate
matter at homes vary with distance to industrial
scale dairy operations: an exposure assessment
D’Ann L Williams1*, Patrick N Breysse1,2, Meredith C McCormack1,2, Gregory B Diette1,2, Shawn McKenzie1 and
Alison S Geyh1
Abstract
Background: Community exposures to environmental contaminants from industrial scale dairy operations are
poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of dairy operations on nearby
communities by assessing airborne contaminants (particulate matter, ammonia, and cow allergen, Bos d 2)
associated with dairy operations inside and outside homes.
Methods: The study was conducted in 40 homes in the Yakima Valley, Washington State where over 61 dairies
operate.
Results: A concentration gradient was observed showing that airborne contaminants are significantly greater at
homes within one-quarter mile (0.4 km) of dairy facilities, outdoor Bos d 2, ammonia, and TD were 60, eight, and
two times higher as compared to homes greater than three miles (4.8 km) away. In addition median indoor
airborne Bos d 2 and ammonia concentrations were approximately 10 and two times higher in homes within one-
quarter mile (0.4 km) compared to homes greater than three miles (4.8 km) away.
Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that dairy operations increase community exposures to agents with
known human health effects. This study also provides evidence that airborne biological contaminants (i.e. cow
allergen) associated with airborne particulate matter are statistically elevated at distances up to three miles (4.8 km)
from dairy operations.
Background this paper industrial scale dairie
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