四大发明（Four great inventions）.docVIP

四大发明（Four great inventions） One, four great inventions 1, general situation: Gunpowder, compass, papermaking and movable type printing were the most representative scientific and technological achievements in ancient china. The emergence and spread of the 2 and four great inventions: (1) papermaking. In the early Western Han Dynasty, China already had paper. Cai Lun, a eunuch in Eastern Han Dynasty, improved papermaking, known as Cai Houzhi. The invention and improvement of papermaking is a great revolution in writing materials. (2) printing. The Sui and Tang Dynasties, Chinese appeared woodblock printing. The Song Dynasty is the golden age of woodblock printing, have been used for color printing technology. Bi Sheng, a commoner in Northern Song Dynasty, invented clay type printing. (3) gunpowder. At the end of the Tang Dynasty gunpowder began to be used in military affairs. The earliest gunpowder weapons had sudden guns, rockets, artillery and so on. In order to resist the attack of Liao, Xixia and Jin, the Song Dynasty used gunpowder extensively. (4) compass. The worlds first guide China instrument is invented in the Warring States period ian. Later, people made the compass by using the characteristics of the magnet guide. In the Northern Song Dynasty, the compass was applied to navigation. (5) dissemination. A papermaking was introduced into Europe by the Arabs and promoted the development of European culture. B gunpowder was introduced into Europe, which promoted the development of gunpowder weapons in Europe and accelerated the decline of European feudalism. The use of C compass has promoted the voyage of the ocean and ushered in the era of great geographical discovery. D Europeans also learned from Chinas printing and created their own movable press, which promoted the Renaissance movement and religious reform, and promoted the ideological emancipation and social progress. Two, nine chapters of arithmetic and abacus 1, nine chapters of arithmetic written in th