社会文化视角及互动观.pptVIP

Sociocultural Perspectives of Interaction for L2 Learning According to Sociocultural(S-C)Theory(Vygotsky 1962,1978),interaction not only facilitates languagge learning but is a causative force in acquisition;further,all of learning is seen as essentially a social process which is grounded in sociocultural settings. According to S-C Theory,the interaction incudes interpersonal interaction:municative events and situations which occur between people,and intrapersonal interaction:munication that occurs within an individuals own mind. Interpersonal Interaction Symbolic mediation,a kind of interaction,is a link between a persons current mental state and higher order functions that is provided primarily by language. 以下对话发生在两个ESL 学习者之间的对话(Gass，Selinker.2008): A: A man is uh drinking c － coffee or tea with uh the saucer of the uh uh coffee set is uh in his uh knee． B: in him knee． A: uh on his knee B: yeah A: on his knee B: so sorry． On his knee. The Zone of Proximal Development(ZPD) The ZPD, introduced by Vygotsky, is the difference between what a learner can do without help and what he or she can do with .it is an area of learning that occurs when a person is assisted by a teacher or peer with a higher skill set of the subject. The person learning the skill set cannot complete it without the assistance of the teacher or peer. Vygotsky and some educators believe educations role is to give children experiences that are within their zones of proximal development, thereby encouraging and advancing their individual learning. Scaffolding Scaffolding,developed by Jerome Bruner, David Wood, and Gail Ross while applying Vygotskys concept of ZPD to various educational contexts,is a process through which a teacher or a more competent peer helps the student in his or her ZPD as necessary and tapers off this aid as it becomes unnecessary. In order for scaffolding to work and have an effect, one must start at the childs level of knowledge and build from there. Very importantl