电磁场第四章.pptVIP

* * 4.1 Energy Expended in Moving a point charge in an Electric Field 1. If we attempt to move the test charge against the electric field,we must expend energy, or do work 3. Move a charge Q a distance in an electric field E, 2. If we move the charge in the direction of the field, the work we do should be negative. 1) The force on Q due to the electric field is 2) The force in the direction is 3) The force we must apply is 4) Differential work done by external force is 4.1 Energy Expended in Moving a point charge in an Electric Field 4. The differential amount of work may be zero under the following conditions: 1) E=0 or Q=0 or dL=0 2) 5. Here we can give a good analogy between the electric field and the gravitational field An effortless process Positive work negative work 6. The work required to move the charge a finite distance in the electric field is 7. Exercise D4.1(P85) 4.2 The Line Integral 1. Without using vector analysis, we have 2. Shown in Figure 4.1, a path has been chosen from an initial position B to a final position A and a uniform electric field. The path is divided into six segments, and the components of along each segment are denoted by . The work done in moving a charge Q from B to A is approximately: 4.2 The Line Integral 3. Using the parallelogram law, we can obtain: 4. Another way: 2) from B to A in the same field, but this time use the straight-line path from B to A 5. Examples: 1) Path from B(1,0,1) to A(0.8,0.6,1) along the shorter arc of the circle Conclusion: we can obtain the same answer with these two ways. 4.2 The Line Integral 6. The expression for in our three coordinate systems 7. As a final example, let’s investigate several paths which we might take near an infinite line charge: 1) The work done in carrying the positive charge Q about a circular path of radius ρ1 centered at the line charge: or 2) Carry the charge from ρ=a to ρ=b alo