名词解释(生化)（Explanation of nouns (Biochemistry)）.docVIP

名词解释(生化)（Explanation of nouns (Biochemistry)） Chapter 1 Peptide: amino acids in proteins that combine with each other into polypeptide chains. Bioactive peptides: there are many bioactive peptides with low molecular weight in human body. The peptide bond: amide bond in glycyl alanine molecule connected to two amino acids called peptide. The primary structure of a protein: the arrangement of amino acids, called the primary structure of proteins. The two - level structure of a protein: the local spatial structure of a polypeptide chain in a protein molecule. Peptide unit: 6 atoms in the peptide bond on the same plane to form the so-called peptide unit. Motif: in many protein molecules, 2 or 3 peptide segments with two structures can be found, which are spatially close to each other, forming a special spatial conformation called a motif. The three - level structure of a protein: the relative spatial location of all amino acid residues in the entire polypeptide chain. Domain: domain structure: a protein with a large molecular weight, the three - class structure can often be divided into 1 or several globular or fibrous regions, fold more closely, and each row makes its function known as the domain. The four - level structure of proteins: the spatial arrangement of subunits in protein molecules and the arrangement and interaction of subunit contacts, termed the four - stage structure of proteins. Subunit: each polypeptide chain has a complete three - stage structure called subunit. Synergistic effect: binding of a subunit with its ligand (ligand O2 in Hb) can affect the binding capacity of another subunit to the ligand in this oligomer. Isoelectric point: when the protein solution is in a certain pH, the protein dissociation into positive and negative ions is equal, that is, as a facultative ion, the net charge is 0, at this time, the solution pH is called protein isoelectric point. Denaturation of proteins: under certain physical and chemical factors. Its specific spati