可吸入颗粒物中非晶质含量的原样XRD分析.PDFVIP

中国环境科学 2011,31(12) ：1951~1957 China Environmental Science 可吸入颗粒物中非晶质含量的原样 XRD 分析 * 范二平,王河锦 (北京大学造山带与地壳演化教育部重点实验室,北京大学地球与空间科学学院,北京 100871) 摘要：为了获取尽可能完整的样品信息,直接利用采集的大气 PM10 原样进行非晶质 X 射线衍射(XRD)的定量分析.按照实际 PM10 的构成用玻 璃纤维滤膜采集人为模拟大气结晶颗粒物样品,结合实验拟合得到的滤膜衍射图,推导出根据空白滤膜衍射强度计算不同样品载量时滤膜的 射强度公式,从而消除了滤膜的基底效应的影响,并计算出实际大气样品中非晶质的衍射强度.采用无定形碳模拟大气中的非晶质,通过测定纯 碳的衍射强度,得到纯碳比空白玻璃纤维滤膜的参比强度 K 为 0.59,类比绝热法求出非晶质的质量百分比.应用该方法对北京市 2010 年冬季采 集到的一组大气可吸入颗粒物样品进行了原样 XRD 分析,得出其非晶质含量分别为 10.44%、13.83%、15.12%、15.88%和 11.96%. 关键词：原样 X 射线衍射(XRD) ；可吸入颗粒物(PM10) ；玻璃纤维滤膜；非晶质；定量分析 中图分类号：X502 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-6923(2011)12-1951-07 A raw-sample XRD method for quantitative analysis of amorphous materials in atmospheric inhalable particles. FAN Er-ping, WANG He-jin* (Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belt and Crustal Evolution, Ministry of Education, School of Earth and Space Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China). China Environmental Science, 2011,31(12)： 1951~1957 Abstract ：In order to receive sample information as much as possible a raw-sample X-ray diffraction (XRD) method was described to quantitatively analysis the amount of amorphous materials(AM) in PM10 aerosol sample collected with glass fiber filter. A series of crystalline samples were artificially prepared and collected with glass fiber filters based on the composition of PM10.According to the fitting results, a theoretical formula was deduced to calculate the diffraction intensities of the filters under different amount of samples. The diffraction intensity of AM in atmospheric sample can be obtained by eliminating the filter’s diffraction effect on the substrate. Amorphous carbon was used to simulate the atmospheric AM. By measuring the diffraction intensities of pure carbon and blank glass fi