原创力文档additive pressures of elevated sea surface temperatures and herbicides on symbiont-bearing foraminifera添加剂的压力升高的海洋表面温度和除草剂symbiont-bearing有孔虫.pdfVIP
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additive pressures of elevated sea surface temperatures and herbicides on symbiont-bearing foraminifera添加剂的压力升高的海洋表面温度和除草剂symbiont-bearing有孔虫
Additive Pressures of Elevated Sea Surface Temperatures
and Herbicides on Symbiont-Bearing Foraminifera
1,2,3 2 3 4 2
Joost W. van Dam *, Andrew P. Negri , Jochen F. Mueller , Rolf Altenburger , Sven Uthicke
1The University of Queensland, School of Biological Sciences, St. Lucia, Australia, 2 Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Australia, 3 The University of
Queensland, National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology, Coopers Plains, Australia, 4 Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Dept. Bioanalytical
Ecotoxicology, Leipzig, Germany
Abstract
Elevated ocean temperatures and agrochemical pollution individually threaten inshore coral reefs, but these pressures are
likely to occur simultaneously. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the combined effects of elevated temperature and
the photosystem II (PSII) inhibiting herbicide diuron on several types of symbiotic algae (diatom, dinoflagellate or
rhodophyte) of benthic foraminifera in hospite. Diuron was shown to evoke a direct effect on photosynthetic efficiency
(reduced effective PSII quantum yield DF/F9m), while elevated temperatures (.30uC, only 2uC above current average
summer temperatures) were observed to impact photosynthesis more indirectly by causing reductions in maximum PSII
quantum yield (Fv/Fm), interpreted as photodamage. Additionally, elevated temperatures were shown to cause bleaching
through loss of chlorophyll a in foraminifera hosting either diatoms or dinoflagellates. A significant linear correlation was
found between reduced Fv/Fm and loss of chlorophyll a. In most cases, symbionts within foraminifera proved more sensitive
to thermal stress in the
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