5旅游消费学习的.pptVIP

第一节 旅游消费要学习什么 第二节 怎样学习旅游消费;第一节 旅游消费要学习什么;一、学习的基础知识;（二）学习的过程;（三）学习理论与旅游;桑代克;1895年，他到哈佛大学受教于詹姆斯，做小鸡走迷津实验（即走迷宫），后转到哥伦比亚大学学习，继续利用猫和狗等做实验。他在实验中发现，最初，小鸡小猫小狗都是在死路里转来转去，偶尔会找到出口，逃出迷宫，而这通常需要花很多时间；但重复多次以后，小鸡小猫小狗在死路中转的次数都会减少，花费的时间也会减少很多；训练到一定次数以后，一把它们放入迷宫，它们甚至会立即直奔出口而去，很快就逃脱了。桑代克认为，小鸡小猫小狗都不是通过推理和观察而学会逃出迷宫的；它们之所以能够顺利逃脱，原因只有一点，那就是不断的尝试，在不断的尝试和失败中慢慢消除那些无用的行为，记住那些有助于逃脱的行为，用桑代克的话说，就是它们已经在这些有用的行为和行为的目标之间建立了联系。 ;格式塔心理学派：顿悟说;二、旅游动机的学习;三、旅游态度的学习;补充资料：世界旅游发展趋势 ;文化旅游动机; In 2001 international arrivals declined by 0.6 per cent, the first year of negative growth for international tourism since 1982. However, the results for 2001 would have been in line with the trend observed over the past decade had it not been for the magnitude of the increase in tourist arrivals in 2000, which was much larger than the figures obtained during the preceding years. WTO, however, is confident that the growth of tourism will return to normal in a short period of time, providing that the Bali tragedy is not followed by a series of attacks on tourism and tourists. However, one thing remains certain: the economic success of countries positively influences both inbound tourism as well as outbound tourism. China is a shining example of this fact.;International Tourism % Market Rank Receipts (US$ billion) 1 United States 72.3 2 Spain 32.9 3 France 30.0 4 Italy 25.8 5 China 17.8 ;补充资料： 我国2000年—2002年国内旅游人数;四、旅游消费的学习;人们会感知到风险的情况：（P71）;???除风险的办法：;五、减除购买后疑虑的学习;五、减除购买后疑虑的学习;第二节 怎样学习旅游消费;一、通过经验学习旅游消费;二、获得信息学习旅游消费