生殖基本知识的.ppt

Chapter 2哺乳类生殖生物学基础;2.1. 基本概念;;Reproductive Endocrinology ;激素来源、靶器官和功能;;♀ 生殖周期中激素的反馈调节;♀ 发情周期;Physiology of Reproduction ;1、雄性生殖器官与精子（sperm）;产生精子 合成和分泌类固醇激素、神经肽、鸦片肽、蛋白水解酶等。 精原干细胞、精子载体 睾丸注射GENE;Sperm and sperm vector;2、Female reproductive organs ;3、Ovary 冷冻与移植;rat;卵巢移植;Monkey BRENDA：Lee et al, Nature, 2004, 428: 137-8;4、卵泡发育与卵子成熟;mouse;Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.;Relationship between oocyte and follicle cells;Ovulation：卵母细胞旁分泌的GDF9、BMP-15和卵巢外LH主导;成年动物原始卵泡再生--- Rewrite textbook！;Germ-cell proliferation in juvenile and young adult ovaries;Meiosis of oocyte;小鼠成熟Oocyte的参数;卵母细胞中mRNA的储存;卵母细胞的IVM(in vitro maturation);;卵子形态结构;Zona;Zona;小鼠透明带;ZP3的生物学功能之一;ZP3的生物学功能之二;technique of retroviral vector;5、Fertilization;Outline of mammalian fertilization;gametes arrive at fertilized region;Step 1 sperm penetrates the cumulus cells layer;Step 2 sperm recognizes, binds, and penetrates through the zona of oocyte;Acrosome reaction, penetration;Step 2 sperm recognizes, binds, and penetrates through the zona of oocyte;Step 3. 识别和融合;Step 4 Cortical reaction and polyspermy block ;卵母细胞的激活变化;卵母细胞激活的关键;精子激活卵母细胞的初始信号;PIP2. 磷脂酰肌醇酯；PLC.磷脂酶C；IP3.三磷酸肌醇；DAG.甘油二酯;PIP2. 磷脂酰肌醇酯；PLC.磷脂酶C；IP3.三磷酸肌醇；DAG.甘油二酯;Further change: pronuclear formation and PB2 extrusion ;Microinjection;Mice without a father;Mice without a fathernormal gene expression of H19/Igf2;Mice without a father;Parthenogenetic mice developed to adulthood;6、Embryogenesis;Morphological aspects of preimplantation embryos;SEM Morphology of embryos;Development of human preimplantation embryo;Inner cell mass and trophoblast cell layer;Molecular events during embryogenesis ;♀: Completion of meiosis, Pronuclei development ;♂: Decondensation of the sperm nucleus in ooplasm;♂: Decondensation of the sperm nucleus in ooplasm;concept;Biological functions of the maternal to zygotic transition;maternal mRNAs prior to genome activation