传染病护理学重点（Key points of infectious diseases nursing）.doc

传染病护理学重点（Key points of infectious diseases nursing） 2. pathogenicity of pathogens during infection: (1) invasiveness: the ability of pathogens to invade the organism and spread in vivo. Such as: invasive ability, soluble tissue capacity, penetration and so on. (2): including virulence exotoxin, endotoxin and virulence factors. (3) quantity: the same pathogen, the number of invasion is often proportional to its pathogenic ability; in different infectious diseases, the minimum number of pathogens causing an infectious disease varies greatly. (4) variation 3. the immune response during infection: nonspecific immunity and specific immunity (1) nonspecific immunity: the organism is a scavenging mechanism for foreign bodies entering the body. It is obtained by heredity, without antigen specificity, or congenital immunity. Three main natural barriers - skin, blood, cerebrospinal fluid, placenta, phagocytosis, humoral factors. Phagocytosis: mononuclear phagocyte system has nonspecific phagocytosis. Humoral factors: including fluid infusion, lysozyme and various cytokines, such as interleukin, tumor necrosis factor, interferon gamma, etc.. (2) specific immunity: the specific immune response produced against the original antigen by the original recognition is acquired by an active immunity. Humoral immunity mediated by B lymphocytes and cell-mediated immunity by T lymphocytes are included. 7. the route of transmission of viral hepatitis (1) fecal oral transmission: the main route of transmission of hepatitis A and e.; (2) the spread of blood and body fluids: mainly spread hepatitis B, hepatitis C, d way (3) mother to child transmission: mainly through the placenta, birth canal, childbirth, breast-feeding and feeding. It is also an important route of transmission of HBV infection. 8. detection of hepatitis viruses (markers) The hepatitis A: Anti -HAV-IgG serum: recent infection index, is a marker for diagnosis of hepatitis A in the main. Serum anti HAV-IgG: protective antibody