低钾血症的原因（Causes of hypokalemia）.docVIP

低钾血症的原因（Causes of hypokalemia） What are the causes of hypokalemia? 1. decrease in potassium intake The diet is rich in potassium. Therefore, as long as the normal eating, the body will not be lack of potassium. Patients who suffer from obstruction of the digestive tract, coma, and prolonged fasting after surgery can not eat. If these patients are fed intravenously without adequate potassium or potassium supplementation, they can lead to potassium deficiency and hypokalemia. However, if insufficient intake is the only cause, the extent of potassium depletion over a given period of time can be less severe because of the potassium sparing function of the kidney. When potassium intake is insufficient, the excretion of potassium in urine can be reduced to less than 20mmol/L within 4~7 days, and then decreased to 5 ~ 10mmol/L within 7~10 days (normal potassium excretion rate is 38 ~ 150mmol/L). 2. potassium is excreted too much The potassium loss through the gastrointestinal tract: This is the most important reason for the loss of potassium in children with severe diarrhea and vomiting, common in patients with massive digestive fluid loss. When diarrhea, the concentration of K+ in feces can reach 30 ~ 50mmol/L. At this point, the amount of potassium lost with dung was 10~20 times more than normal. The fecal potassium content increased, partly because of the reduced diarrhea potassium absorption in the intestine, on the other hand is due to diarrhea caused by reduced blood volume to aldosterone secretion, and aldosterone can make uric potassium eduction increase, also can make the strengthening effect of potassium secretion of colon. The potassium content of gastric juice is only 5 ~ 10mmol/L so severe vomiting, gastric juice loss is not the main reason, the loss of potassium, and a large amount of potassium is excreted in urine by renal loss, because metabolic vomiting caused by alkali poisoning can cause renal excretion of potassium increased (Xiang Houwen), vomiting cau