边坡稳定SlopStability.PPTVIP

第七章 边坡稳定 Slop Stability;Alpine debris flow (2000);Kansu (China) 1920 Loess flow 200,000 killed Gros Ventre (Wyoming) 1925 Rockslide ~40 killed Madison (Montana) 1959 Rockslide 100 killed Vaiont (Italy) 1963 Rockslide 2,600 killed Aberfan (Wales) 1966 Debris-slide 144 killed Huascaran (Peru) 1970 Complex 25,000 killed Nevado del Ruiz (Colombia) 1985 Debris flow 23,000 killed Casitas (Nicaragua) 1998 Debris flow +2,000 killed Venezuela 1999 Complex +20,000 killed Swiss/Italian Alps 2000 Debris flow 38 killed ;(i) Translational slides;(ii) Rotational slides;The stability of a slope can be analysed using one or more of the following methods: Limit equilibrium method - equilibrium of forces (极限平衡法) Limit analysis based on plasticity - equilibrium of stresses (极限应力分析法) Finite difference method (有限差分法) Finite element method (有限元法);In the limit equilibrium method (LEM), the soil is considered to be on the verge of failure along an assumed or a known sliding surface. (在某一假设滑动面上,整个块体处于极限平衡状态) In general, the sliding surface is assumed to be a circular arc for clays or a logarithmic spiral for sands and gravels. Factor of safety is defined as the ratio of shear strength over shear stress acting on the soil mass at the assumed slip plane in order to maintain a condition of limiting equilibrium. (安全糸数定义为在极限平衡条件下抗剪强度与下滑力之比) ;For the slope stability analysis using the LEM, two analyses are considered for each slope: Effective Stress Analysis (c′ and ?′) that represents drained or long-term behaviour of the slope (有效应力分析对应边坡长期的稳定) Total Stress Analysis (cu) that represents undrained or short-term behaviour of the slope (总应力分析对应边坡短期的稳定);For an infinite slope, the depth of the failure surface is small compared with the length of the slope (滑动面深度比边坡长度小) Assumptions (假定): no ground water table (没有地下水) homogeneous cohesionless soil (均质无粘性土) failure surface is parallel to the surface of the slope (滑动面与坡面平行) The slope is inclined at angle ? to the horizontal and the depth