以FLUENT三维模拟检核马鞍坝鱼道本体之流场-中华水土保持学会.PDF

中華水土保持學報, 41(4): 343-351 (2010) Journal of Chinese Soil and Water Conservation, 41 (4):343-351 (2010) 以 FLUENT 三維模擬檢核馬鞍壩魚道本體之流場適合度 許少華 [1] 劉建榮[2]* 葉治宏[1] 摘 要 由於水壩或攔河堰的興建，造成上、下游魚類生態廊道的中斷，為使魚類能順利往 上或下游洄游移動以維持其後代基因的正常繁衍，故魚道設計顯得格外重要。本研究主要針對 大甲溪流域的馬鞍壩水池式魚道，以三維數值模式 FLUENT 來模擬探討其魚道內部的流場。模 擬結果發現，模擬網格間距必須小於魚道隔板開孔最短邊長度的一半，在模擬計算上方能達到 足夠的精度，且上下游邊界條件會影響距其最近的 4 個隔板之流況。故於探討魚道內部流況時， 至少需以 10 個魚道隔板來進行模擬，如此距上下游邊界最遠處的中間休息池流況方能不受上 下游邊界影響較具代表性。由模擬結果可發現，魚道隔板各開孔之平均流速皆小於大甲溪魚類 上溯之流速上限 1.7 m/s ，且隔板間休息池未有足以影響魚類上溯之渦流與湧升流，僅於右側溢 流頂坎（Ice Harbor Weir ）流況為較不適合魚類上溯之表面流（streaming flow ）流況，但不影 響其提供魚類上溯或下降之功能。 關鍵詞：豎孔式魚道、FLUENT 、數值模擬、表面流、上溯。 Examining the Flow Pattern Suitability of Fishway Design in Ma-Ann Dam by FLUENT 3-D Simulation Shaohua Marko Hsu[1] Chien-Jung Liu[2]* Chih-Hung Yeh[1] ABSTRACT Most rivers in Taiwan are steep and fast flowing, with extremely different seasonal discharges due to unevenly distributed rainfall. For hydropower generation or water resource purposes, weirs across river are usually built to facilitate water intakes, which may block the pass of fishes. As a result, fishways are important to help fish species pass the constructed structures and maintain their population and good genes. Good design of the fishway is a key element to it being successful. In this study, a three dimensional flow simulation model, FLUENT, was employed to simulate flow patterns and its three-dimensional velocity fields in a particular fishway with pool type in a hydropower dam in Da-Jia river, central Taiwan. Measurement data, by other people, in a physical m