(国际法课件）chapter 11The Law of the Sea.pptx

1 Chapter 11 The Law of the Sea 2 Chapter 11 The Law of the Sea 1 Introduction 2 Baselines 3 Internal waters 4 Territorial sea 5 EEZ 6 The continental shelf 7 Delimitation of Maritime Zones 8 High seas 9 International Sea Bed 10 Settlement of Disputes 3 1 Introduction 1.1 Definition of law of sea: The law of the sea is that law by which states regulate their relations in respect of the marine territory subject to costal state jurisdiction and those areas of the sea and seabed beyond any national jurisdiction. Maritime law: private relation. 4 1 Introduction 1.2 UNCLOS Ⅰ and Ⅱ and the four conventions: (a) the Convention on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone (TSC) 领海与毗连区公约; (b) the Convention on the Continental Shelf (CSC) 大陆架公约; (c) the Convention on Fishing and the Conservation of the Living Resources of the High Seas (FC) 捕鱼和养护公海生物资源公约 (d) Convention on the High Seas (HSC) 公海公约 1.3 UNCLOS Ⅲ and UN Law of the Sea Convention (LOSC). (EEZ, Deep sea bed) 5 古罗马时代，海洋是“共有之物” 14、15世纪，西班牙、葡萄牙控制大西洋。 1609 Grotius: The Freedom of the seas(一切财产权都是以占领为根据的，飘荡无定的海水必然是自由的) 17、18世纪提出了领水的概念。 1702 Bynkershoek(宾刻舒克): cannon-shot theory( States could claim sovereignty over so much of the sea as lay within range of cannon-shot from the shore)(3 miles） 6 2 Baselines 2.1 Definition: the starting point for establishing the maritime zones. 2.2 The normal baseline: the low-water mark along coast.(Art.5) 2.3 The straight baseline: deeply intended and cut into, or if there is a fringe of islands along the coast in its immediate vicinity.(Art.7) 2.4 The Anglo-Norwegian Fisheries case(1951) TB764 7 1951年ICJ“英挪渔业案”：这些具有山地性质的大小岛屿实际上是挪威陆地的延伸，在陆地和海洋之间，海岸没有清晰的分界线。这种方法是，在低潮处选取合适的基点，然后在这些基点之间划一条直线。划定领海基线时，不能偏离海岸一般趋势的合理范围。 《公约》第7条：在海岸线极为曲折的地方，或者如果紧接海岸有一系列岛屿，测算领海宽度的基线的划定可采用连接各适当点的直线基线法。 8 Background：Maritime zones recognized by UNCLS Internal waters Territorial sea Contiguous zone Exclusive economic zone Continental shelf