gmat充分和必要条件辨析.docVIP

Necessary Conditions and Sufficient Conditions - concepts from LSAT official I was very confused about necessary and sufficient conditions, i think, may be thats why i am weak in those logic questions. Luckily, i just got an official LSAT book, it helps me alot to understand the differences and what we can infer from the statements with these conditions. The following is from the book, i hope it can help anyone of you chinese friends too :P Necessary Conditions and Sufficient Conditions “You don’t deserve praise for something unless you did it deliberately.” “Tom deliberately left the door unlocked.” The first statement expresses a necessary condition. Doing something deliberately is a necessary condition for deserving praise for doing it. The first statement says that you have to do something deliberately in order to deserve praise for doing it. It doesn’t say that any time you do something deliberately you thereby deserve praise for doing it. So the mere fact that Tom did something deliberately is not enough to bring us to the conclusion that Tom deserves praise for doing it. However, if the first statement had said “If you do something deliberately then you deserve praise for doing it,” it would be saying that doing something deliberately is a sufficient condition for deserving praise for doing it. The necessary condition above could have been stated in several different ways: “You deserve praise for something only if you did it deliberately.” “You don’t deserve praise for something if you didn’t do it deliberately.” “To deserve praise for something, you must have done it deliberately.” All the three statements mean the same thing, and none of them says that doing something deliberately is a sufficient condition for deserving praise. Sufficient conditions can also be expressed in several different ways: “If it rains, the sidewalks get wet.” “Rain is all it takes to get the sidewalks wet.” “The sidewalks get wet whenever it rains.” These statements each tell us