考研资料：北京大学的细胞生物学 第十一章+细胞增殖极其调控(下).pptVIP

3. Cytokinesis; ;(2) In plant cells: The phragmoplast guides cytokinesis in higher plants; ;4. Meiosis;Two major contributions to the reassortment of genetic material that occurs in the production of gametes during meiosis.;Visible evidence of crossing over;Comparison of the mechanisms of chromosome alignment (at metaphase) and separation (at anaphase) in meiotic division I and meiotic division II.;Meiotic chromosome pairing culminates in the formation of the synaptonemal complex;Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.;Influence of Sry on gonad development.;The stages of oogenesis and spermatogenesis ;5. The cell-cycle control system;G1checkpoint: fission yeast cells: Start point； Animal cells: Restriction Point;D. MPF (Maturation-promoting factor，Mitosis-promoting factor); The fusion of M-phase HeLa cell with Ptk cell (G1、S、G2) inducing PCC. Exp. Demonstration that cells contain factors that stimulate entry into mitosis.；;;E. A simplified view of the core of the cell-cycle conreol system;Tree of cyclins are required in all eucaryotic cells: G1/S-cyclins bind Cdks at the end of G1 and commit the cell to DNA replication. S-cyclins bind Cdks during S phase and are required for the initiation of DNA replication. M-cyclins promote the events of mitosis.;The structural basis of Cdk activation;Cdk activity can be suppressed both by inhibitory phosphorylation (pp586:14.6) and by inhibitory proteins (CKIs).;The cell-cycle control system depends on cyclical proteolysis---The control of proteolysis by SCF and APC during the cell cycle.;F. Intracellular control of cell-cycle events;;The activation of M-phase cyclin-Cdk complexes (M-Cdks) triggers entry into mitosis;The DNA replication checkpoint: Entry into mitosis is blocked by incomplete DNA replication;The spindle-attachment checkpoint: Unattached chromosomes block sister-chromatid separation The sister chromatid separation is trigg