a short account of metastatic bone disease短的转移性骨病.pdfVIP

Feller et al. Cancer Cell International 2011, 11:24 /content/11/1/24 REVIEW Open Access A short account of metastatic bone disease Liviu Feller1*, Beverley Kramer2 and Johan Lemmer1 Abstract In adults, bone is the preferential target site for metastases from primary cancers of prostate, breast, lungs and thyroid. The tendency of these cancers to metastasize to bone is determined by the anatomical distribution of the blood vessels, by the genetic profile of the cancer cells and by the biological characteristics of the bone microenvironment that favour the growth of metastatic cells of certain cancers. Metastases to bone may have either an osteolytic or an ostoblastic phenotype. The interaction in the bone microenvironment between biological factors secreted by metastatic cells, and by osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and the osteolytic and osteoblastic factors released from the organic matrix mediate a vicious cycle characterized by metastatic growth and by ongoing progressive bone destruction. This interaction determines the phenotype of the metastatic bone disease. Keywords: bone metastasis, PTHrP, jaw Introduction If the primary cancer is large, it can be not only a If primary cancer cells penetrate the walls of blood or source of metastasizing cells, but also of biologically lymphatic vessels and gain access to the blood or lymph active mediators that promote development of favour- stream, they may spread to remote sites, where depend- able prematastatic niches, where colonization by dor- ing upon their interaction with stromal, endothelial and mant or newly-arrived metastatic cells, will be supported immune cells in their new microenviron