原创力文档assortative mating and gene flow generate clinal phenological variation in trees选型交配和基因流生成渐变群的物候变化的树木.pdfVIP
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assortative mating and gene flow generate clinal phenological variation in trees选型交配和基因流生成渐变群的物候变化的树木
Soularue and Kremer BMC Evolutionary Biology 2012, 12:79
/1471-2148/12/79
RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access
Assortative mating and gene flow generate
clinal phenological variation in trees
Jean-Paul Soularue1,2 and Antoine Kremer1,2*
Abstract
Background: On-going climate change is shifting the timing of bud burst (TBB) of broad leaf and conifer trees in
temperate areas, raising concerns about the abilities of natural populations to respond to these shifts. The level of
expected evolutionary change depends on the level and distribution of genetic variation of TBB. While numerous
experimental studies have highlighted the role of divergent selection in promoting clinal TBB differentiation, we
explored whether the observed patterns of variation could be generated by the joint effects of assortative mating for
TBB and gene flow among natural populations. We tested this hypothesis using an in silico approach based on
quantitative genetic models.
Results: Our simulations showed that genetic clines can develop even without divergent selection. Assortative
mating in association with environmental gradients substantially shifted the mean genetic values of populations.
Owing to assortative mating, immigrant alleles were screened for proximal or distant populations depending on the
strength of the environmental cline. Furthermore, we confirmed that assortative mating increases the additive genetic
variance within populations. However, we observed also a rapid decline of the additive genetic variance caused by
restricted gene flow between neighboring populations resulting from preferential matings between
phenologically-matching phenotypes.
Conclusions: We provided evidence that the patterns of genetic variation of phenological traits observed in forest
trees can be generated solely by the effects of assortative mating and gene flo
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