prevalence of blood parasites in seabirds - a review在海鸟的血液寄生虫的流行u2014u2014审查.pdfVIP

Prevalence of blood parasites in seabirds - a review Quillfeldt et al. Quillfeldt et al. Frontiers in Zoology 2011, 8:26 /content/8/1/26 (31 October 2011) Quillfeldt et al. Frontiers in Zoology 2011, 8:26 /content/8/1/26 RESEARCH Open Access Prevalence of blood parasites in seabirds - a review 1* 1 2 1 3 Petra Quillfeldt , Elena Arriero , Javier Martínez , Juan F Masello and Santiago Merino Abstract Introduction: While blood parasites are common in many birds in the wild, some groups seem to be much less affected. Seabirds, in particular, have often been reported free from blood parasites, even in the presence of potential vectors. Results: From a literature review of hemosporidian prevalence in seabirds, we collated a dataset of 60 species, in which at least 15 individuals had been examined. These data were included in phylogenetically controlled statistical analyses of hemosporidian prevalence in relation to ecological and life-history parameters. Haemoproteus parasites were common in frigatebirds and gulls, while Hepatozoon occurred in albatrosses and storm petrels, and Plasmodium mainly in penguins. The prevalence of Haemoproteus showed a geographical signal, being lower in species with distribution towards polar environments. Interspecific differences in Plasmodium prevalence were explained by variables that relate to the exposure to parasites, suggesting that prevalence is higher in burrow nesters with long fledgling periods. Measures of Plasmodium, but not Haemoproteus prevalences were influenced by the method, with PCR-based data resulting in higher