增加表达时态的词.ppt

Amplification in Translation (增译法) 强调时间上的对比①????? Man，was, is and always will be trying to improving his living conditions.② It was said that his father was a fisherman. Maybe he was as poor as we are. 2. Syntactical Amplification (从句法结构上考虑的增词)  Omission is very frequently used in English for rhetorical or syntactical purposes. When we translate English sentences with omission into Chinese, however, in nine cases out of ten, we have to supply in the target text what has been omitted in the source text. Otherwise, the meaning in the TL text would be neither complete nor smooth or idiomatic. 2. 1. 增补原文中省略的动词 这里所说的原文中省略的动词，指的是在并列关系的复句中由于前后两句的结构相同且使用相同的谓语动词，为了避免重复而在后句中省略的动词。在翻译成汉语的时候，出于句法上的需要，有时还需要将动词补出。另外，在某些英语句子当中由于一个谓语动词连接几个宾语或表语，在译文总往往要重复这个动词。当这个动词后有前置词时，在第二次第三次往往只用前置词而省略动词，在译文中则要重复动词以代替英语中重复的前置词。 ① Matter can be changed into energy, and energy into matter.  ② Courage in excess becomes foolhardiness, affection weakness, thrift avarice. ③ A government of and by and for the exploiting class cannot possibly survive.④ Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. (Francis Bacon) 2. 2. 增补原文比较句中的省略部分① This is true of nations as it is of individuals.② Better be wise by the defeat of others than by your own. * * A book，tight shut，is but a block of paper． 译文一：—本书，紧紧合上，只是—叠 纸。译文二：—本书，如果紧紧合上不读， 只是—叠纸。译文三：一本书，如果紧紧合上不读， 只是一叠废纸。译文四：闲置之书只是一叠废纸。 2) Success is often just an idea away． 译文一：成功往往只是一个念头的距离。译文二：成功往往只是一念之差。译文三：成功与否往往只是—念之差。 3) Nothing happened in the night． 译文一：夜间什么事也没发生。 译文二：夜间倒是风平浪静，什么 事也没发生。4) Away flies the arrow! 译文一：箭飞走了! 译文二：箭嗖的一声飞走了! 或：嗖—，箭飞走了! Definition of amplification 作为翻译的一个普遍原则，译者不应该对原文的内容随意增减。不过，由于英汉两种语言文字之间所存在的巨大差异，在实际翻译过程中我们很难做到字词句上完全对应。因此，为了准确地传达出原文的信息，往往需要对译文作一些增减。所谓增译法，就是在原文的基础上添加必要的单词、词组、分句或完整句，从而使译文在语法、语言形式上符合汉语的习惯并使译文在文化背景、词语联想方面与原文保持一致，以达到译文与原文在内容、形式和精神方面对等起来的目的。这里的增加不是无中生有地随意增加，而是增加原文中虽无其词却有其意的一些部分。从理论上说可以根据具体的上下文增加任何词, 但在什么时候增加什么样的词，才能恰到好处，而不超出一定的界