targeted therapy in nonmelanoma skin cancers靶向治疗在nonmelanoma皮肤癌.pdfVIP

Cancers 2011, 3, 2255-2273; doi:10.3390/cancers3022255 OPEN ACCESS cancers ISSN 2072-6694 /journal/cancers Review Targeted Therapy in Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers Giulia Spallone, Elisabetta Botti and Antonio Costanzo * Department of Dermatology, University of Rome ―Tor Vergata‖, Via Montpellier 1, 00199, Rome, Italy; E-Mails: giuliaspallone@hotmail.it (G.S.); elisabetta.botti@uniroma2.it (E.B.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: antonio.costanzo@uniroma2.it; Tel.: +39-0672596177; Fax: +39-0620902742. Received: 11 March 2011; in revised form: 11 April 2011 / Accepted: 26 April 2011 / Published: 3 May 2011 Abstract: Nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most prevalent cancer in light-skinned populations, and includes mainly Basal Cell Carcinomas (BCC), representing around 75% of NMSC and Squamous Cell Carcinomas (SCC). The incidence of these tumors is continuously growing. It was found that the overall number of procedures for NMSC in US rose by 76%, from 1,158,298 in 1992 to 2,048,517 in 2006. Although mortality from NMSC tends to be very low, clearly the morbidity related to these skin cancers is very high. Treatment options for NMSC include both surgical and nonsurgical interventions. Surgery was considered the gold standard therapy, however, advancements in the knowledge of pathogenic mechanisms of NMSCs led to the ident