the baleen whales’ saving grace the introduction of petroleum based products in the market and its impact on the whaling industry须鲸的可取之处引入基于石油产品市场及其对捕鲸业的影响.pdfVIP

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the baleen whales’ saving grace the introduction of petroleum based products in the market and its impact on the whaling industry须鲸的可取之处引入基于石油产品市场及其对捕鲸业的影响.pdf

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the baleen whales’ saving grace the introduction of petroleum based products in the market and its impact on the whaling industry须鲸的可取之处引入基于石油产品市场及其对捕鲸业的影响

Sustainability 2010, 2, 3142-3157; doi:10.3390/su2103142 OPEN ACCESS sustainability ISSN 2071-1050 /journal/sustainability Article The Baleen Whales’ Saving Grace: The Introduction of Petroleum Based Products in the Market and Its Impact on the Whaling Industry John McCollough * and Henry F. Check, Jr. Department of Business and Economics, The Pennsylvania State University-Lehigh Valley, 2809 Saucon Valley Rd., Center Valley, PA 18034, USA; E-Mail: hfc3@ * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: jdm37@; Tel.: +1-610-285-5120; Fax: +1-610-285-5220. Received: 16 August 2010; in revised form: 22 September 2010 / Accepted: 26 September 2010 / Published: 30 September 2010 Abstract: This paper presents empirical evidence which indicates that the introduction of petroleum based products on the American markets was a significant factor in reducing the demand for whale oil. As a result, the whaling industry, America’s 5th largest industry at the time, soon collapsed. A counterfactual study is then presented which suggests that if the introduction of petroleum based products had been delayed, then the increase in demand as a result of rising GDP per capita, as well as rapid industrialization, would have given whalers incentive to continue chasing after a diminishing whale population. This could have resulted in the baleen whale population being subject to unsustainable harvest levels. Keywords: sustainable yield; whaling; sperm whales; baleen whales 1. Introduction This paper presents an interesting case study of the American whaling industry during the 180