universal property of quantum gravity implied by uniqueness theorem of bekenstein-hawking entropy量子引力的普遍属性隐含bekenstein-hawking熵的唯一性定理.pdfVIP

Entropy 2011, 13, 1611-1647; doi:10.3390/ OPEN ACCESS entropy ISSN 1099-4300 /journal/entropy Article Universal Property of Quantum Gravity implied by Uniqueness Theorem of Bekenstein-Hawking Entropy Hiromi Saida Department of Physics, Daido University, 10-3 Takiharu Minami-ku, Nagoya 457-8530, Japan; E-Mail: saida@daido-it.ac.jp Received: 22 June 2011; in revised form: 28 August 2011 / Accepted: 31 August 2011 / Published: 5 September 2011 Abstract: This paper consists of three parts. In the first part, we prove that the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy is the unique expression of black hole entropy. Our proof is constructed in the framework of thermodynamics without any statistical discussion. In the second part, intrinsic properties of quantum mechanics are shown, which justify the Boltzmann formula to yield a unique entropy in statistical mechanics. These properties clarify three conditions, one of which is necessary and others are sufficient for the validity of Boltzmann formula. In the third part, by combining the above results, we find a reasonable suggestion from the sufficient conditions that the potential of gravitational interaction among microstates of underlying quantum gravity may not diverge to negative infinity (such as Newtonian gravity) but is bounded below at a finite length scale. In addition to that, from the necessary condition, the interaction has to be repulsive within the finite length scale. The length scale