differential effects of early- and late-life access to carotenoids on adult immune function and ornamentation in mallard ducks (anas platyrhynchos)微分作用的早期和晚期进入成人免疫功能和装饰类胡萝卜素在绿头鸭(anas platyrhynchos).pdfVIP

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differential effects of early- and late-life access to carotenoids on adult immune function and ornamentation in mallard ducks (anas platyrhynchos)微分作用的早期和晚期进入成人免疫功能和装饰类胡萝卜素在绿头鸭(anas platyrhynchos).pdf

differential effects of early- and late-life access to carotenoids on adult immune function and ornamentation in mallard ducks (anas platyrhynchos)微分作用的早期和晚期进入成人免疫功能和装饰类胡萝卜素在绿头鸭(anas platyrhynchos)

Differential Effects of Early- and Late-Life Access to Carotenoids on Adult Immune Function and Ornamentation in Mallard Ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) Michael W. Butler*, Kevin J. McGraw School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America Abstract Environmental conditions early in life can affect an organism’s phenotype at adulthood, which may be tuned to perform optimally in conditions that mimic those experienced during development (Environmental Matching hypothesis), or may be generally superior when conditions during develop

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