运动解剖学（Sports Anatomy）.docVIP

运动解剖学（Sports Anatomy） Section 1 general introduction First, the viscera include digestion, breathing, urinary, reproductive system four. Two, the general structure of the viscera: 1. The walls of the hollow visceral organs are divided into three to four layers: mucosa layer, submucosa layer, muscularis membrane and adventitia. 2. There is a capsule (connective tissue) outside the parenchymal visceral organ. The connective tissue goes deep into the parenchyma of the organ and divides the parenchyma into many lobules. The second digestive system (including the digestive and digestive glands) First, the digestive tract includes: oral, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, anus. 1, the mouth has teeth, tongue (taste buds, sense of taste). 2 pharynx is the common pathway of the digestive tract and respiratory tract. 3, the upper part of the esophagus is striated muscle, and the lower part is smooth muscle. 4: (1), and stomach in the left upper abdomen; (2): entrance structure, called the cardia (connecting the esophagus), exit pylorus, duodenum connection, there are many folds of gastric mucosa, there are many small folds, is the opening of the stomach. 3), the main function: to accommodate the food; the secretion of gastric juice, preliminary digestion of food into chyme. 5 bowel: including the small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum) and the large intestine (cecum, colon, rectum) Small intestine: the small intestine is the main organs of digestion and absorption: 1), there are many folds and villi of small intestine mucosa, greatly increasing the digestion and absorption of intestinal villi in the area; the capillaries (absorption of sugar and protein based) and lymphatic capillaries (fat absorption). 2), common bile duct and pancreatic duct openings in the duodenum, liver secretion of bile from bile duct, pancreatic secretion of pancreatic juice by pancreatic duct into the duodenum, pancreatic juice can digest the protein, fat, starch, bile