微生物对金属的腐蚀和对有机材料的分解.PDFVIP

Microbial Corrosion of Metals and Det erioration of Polymeric Mat erials ( , , , ) GU Ji-dong ( Laboratory of M icrobial Ecology, Division of Engineering and A lied Sciences, Harvard University , U . S. A. ) [ ] ( ) ( ) , , , ; , , , , , , [ ] ; ; ; ; [ ] TB 304, T B327 [ ] A [ ] 1001-4381 ( 1999 ) 07-0003 -05 Abstract : M icroorganisms including bacteria and fungi lay an im ortant role in the corrosion of metals and deterioration of olymeric materials . Under natural conditions, a thin layer of microorganisms may adhere on surfaces forming the so-called biofilm . M icrobial colonization on surfaces influences the localized electrochemical characteristics of the metals, resulting in corrosion. Other microbial rocesses inducing corrosion include microbial exo olymeric materials, microbial hydrogen and organic acids roduced by the fungi Heterotro hic microorganisms utilize. olymers either directly or indirectly as a source of carbon and energy , and the consequences are w eakening of the olymer structure. Both autotro hic and heterotro hic microorganisms are ca able of deteriorating concrete and stone through roduction of inorganic acids and sulfur transformation res ectively . Prevention of biodeterioration is largely done by incor oration of biocides, but bacteria develo resistance quickly by mutation after ex osure to chemicals . Key words : corrosion ; deterioration; microorganisms ; metal; olymers , , [ 1] , , , ,