英语语言文化史3.ppt

A Cultural History of the English Language III  -- Middle English ;Agenda ;The Norman Conquest 诺曼征服;Origin of Normandy: It derives its name from the bands of North men who settled there in the 9th--10th centuries, at the same time that similar bands were settling in the north and east of England;;Harold Godwinson;William the Conqueror;Defending his French porperty against French King; subjected the Welsh, Scottish and Irish to his sovereignty; Dominating nobles; Reforming legal system: Jury trials were initiated to end the old Germanic trials by ordeal or battle. Strengthen royal control over the church ;Henry II Plantagenet, the very first of that name and race, and the very greatest King that England ever knew, but withal the most unfortunate . . . his death being imputed to those only to whom himself had given life, his ungracious sons. . . -- From Sir Winston Churchill Kt, 1675: ;Richard I succeeded Henry II in 1189 and reign for 10 years. He remains one of the very few Kings of England remembered by his epithet, and is an enduring iconic figure in England. ; “ The reputation of Richard ... has fluctuated wildly. ... Many of them admired him as a crusader and man of God, erecting an heroic statue to him outside the Houses of Parliament; Stubbs, on the other hand, thought him ‘a bad son, a bad husband, a selfish ruler, and a vicious man’. Though born in Oxford, he spoke no English. During his ten years reign, he was in England for no more than six months, and was totally absent for the last five years. ” —John Gillingham, Kings and Queens of Britain:;King John (1199--1216), was the least successful member of the Angevin dynasty, a complete failure both at war and at home. Quarrel with Pope over who should be Archbishop of Canterbury. Loss of Normandy He is most associated with the signing of the Magna Carta in 1215.;The Norman Settlement The reign of William the Conqueror brought with it enoumous changes to the