the role of oxidative stress in carcinogenesis induced by metals and xenobiotics氧化应激的作用在金属和外源性物质引起的致癌作用.pdfVIP
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the role of oxidative stress in carcinogenesis induced by metals and xenobiotics氧化应激的作用在金属和外源性物质引起的致癌作用
Cancers 2010, 2, 376-396; doi:10.3390/cancers2020376
OPEN ACCESS
cancers
ISSN 2072-6694
/journal/cancers
Review
The Role of Oxidative Stress in Carcinogenesis Induced by
Metals and Xenobiotics
Frank Henkler *, Joep Brinkmann and Andreas Luch *
German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Thielallee 88-92, 14195 Berlin, Germany;
E-Mail: Joseph.Brinkmann@bfr.bund.de
* Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: Frank.Henkler@bfr.bund.de (F.H.);
Andreas.Luch@bfr.bund.de (A.L.); Tel.: +49-30-8412-4538; Fax: +49-30-8412-4931.
Received: 9 March 2010; in revised form: 2 April 2010 / Accepted: 6 April 2010 /
Published: 8 April 2010
Abstract: In addition to a wide range of adverse effects on human health, toxic metals
such as cadmium, arsenic and nickel can also promote carcinogenesis. The toxicological
properties of these metals are partly related to generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)
that can induce DNA damage and trigger redox-dependent transcription factors. The
precise mechanisms that induce oxidative stress are not fully understood. Further, it is not
yet known whether chronic exposures to low doses of arsenic, cadmium or other metals are
sufficient to induce mutations in vivo, leading to DNA repair responses and/or
tumorigenesis. Oxidative stress can also be induced by environmental xenobiotics, wh
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