高考英语备考策略-语法语态的讲解与训练.docVIP

语法语态的讲解与训练 语态 【知识要点】 英语语态用来表示主语和谓语之间的关系，分为主动语态和被动语态两种。如果主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者就用主动语态，反之，如果主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者，则用被动语态。另外非谓语动词也有主动和被动形式。 （2） 动词的被动语态： 常用时态的被动语态的构成如下： 1） 一般现在时 am/is/are asked例如： I am asked to answer the question. 我被要求回答那个问题。 2）过去进行时 was/were being asked例如： I was being asked to answer a question by a teacher when he saw me. 当他看见我时，我正在被老师要求回答问题。 3）一般过去时 was/were asked例如： Yesterday, Mike was scolded by his father because of his making a mistake. 昨天，迈克因为犯错受到他爸爸的责备。 4）现在完成时 have/has been asked例如： This work has been finished (by me).这项工作已被我完成了。 5）一般将来时 shall/will be asked例如： This work will be finished tomorrow.这项工作明天将被完成。 6）过去完成时 had been asked例如： Before 10 o’clock yesterday’s morning, this work had all been finished. 昨天十点以前，这项工作已被全部完成。 7）过去将来时 should/would be asked例如： He said the natural resources would be used up next centuries. 他说那些自然资源下个世纪将被用尽。 8）将来完成时 will/would have been asked例如： The natural resources will have been used up by the end of next centuries. 那些自然资源在下个世纪末将被用尽。 9）现在进行时 am/is/are being asked例如： The trees are been cutting down by the villagers. 村民们正在砍伐树木。 10）含有情态动词的can/must/may be asked例如： This task must be finished at once.这项任务应该被立即完成。 【疑难突破】 1.被动语态的主要用法 ①当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by短语。如： The front window in the classroom was broken yesterday. 昨天，教室的前窗被打破了。(不知谁打破的) They have been poorly paid. 他们的工资太低。(没必要指出工资是谁付的) ②突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by短语。如： The time-table has been changed. 时间表已变动了。(要突出的是“时间”) These books are written especially for children. 这些书是专门为孩子们写的。(强调的是“”这些书) ③为了使语言得体或圆滑等不愿意说出动作的执行者。如： You are requested to make a speech at next meeting. 请您在下次会议上作个发言。 It is said that she is going to be married to a foreigner. 据说她要嫁给一个外国人。 ④出于修辞的原因，或是说为了更好地安排句子。如： It is generally considered impolite to ask one’s age, salary, marriage, etc. . 问别人的年龄、工资、婚姻状况等通常被认为是不礼貌的。 The notion is especially opposed to by those who have invested much in the area. 这个提议特别遭到了那些在本地区投资很大的人的反对。(因those的定语太长了，若用它作主语，主语与谓语就相距太远而显得句子松散。) 2.主动形式表示被动意