第2章节标准贸易模型.pptVIP

Assignment for chapter 1 The following table shows the numbers of days of labor required to produce 1 unit of output of computers and wheat in France and Germany: Calculate the pretrade price ratios. Which country has a comparative advantage in computers? Why? Which has a comparative advantage in wheat? Why? If the terms of trade are 1 computer: 22 wheat, how many days of labor does France save per unit of its import good by engaging in trade? How many days does Germany save per unit of its import good? What can be said about the comparative distribution of the gains from trade between France and Germany? Why? 第2章 新古典国际贸易理论：标准贸易模型The standard theory of international trade Main contents of neoclassical trade theory 新古典贸易理论的主要内容 标准贸易模型 提供曲线与贸易条件 要素禀赋理论 对赫-俄模型的实证检验 The Empirical tests of the Heckscher-Ohlin model 1 The standard theory of international trade（标准贸易模型） 1) Basic concepts A 生产可能性边界 The production possibilities frontier with increasing costs. 机会成本递增 Increasing opportunity costs : the nation must give up more and more of one community to release just enough resources to produce each additional unit of another commodity. 边际转换率 MRT（the marginal rate of transformation）：等于两个行业的边际成本比率 B Community indifference curves 社会无差异曲线 Shows the various combinations of two commodities that yield equal satisfaction to the community or nation. Figure. 边际替代率（MRS）The Marginal rate of substitution：边际效用的比率 2）封闭和开放经济下的一般均衡A. Equilibrium in Isolation Figure. The equilibrium relative commodity price in isolation is given by the slope of the common tangent to the nation’s production frontier and indifference curve at the autarky point of production and consumption. B. 开放经济下的一般均衡Equilibrium in open economy Figure 2 提供曲线与贸易条件 Offer curve and the terms of trade 1）相互需求原理Theory of reciprocal Demand 相互需求原理, 约翰穆勒 John Stuart Mill (1806-1873), 《政治经济学原理》 the actual price at which trade takes place depends on the trading partner’s interacting demands. 结论：在由比较利益决定的两国交换比例上下限内