Chocolate前世今生.ppt

Chocolate Culture 巧克力是人人都知道但却对它一无所知的食品 想到巧克力，不禁口水直流。到底是从什么时候起，世界上就有了这种美味的食物呢？从“给猪喝的苦涩饮料”到风靡欧洲的时髦饮品，从贵族特权到全民之爱，巧克力辗转完成变身，在人类千年的宠爱中向着更加精致美味的方向继续前行…… When most of us hear the word chocolate, we picture a bar, a box of bonbons, or a bunny. The verb that comes to mind is probably eat, not drink, and the most apt adjective would seem to be sweet. But for about 90 percent of chocolates long history, it was strictly a beverage, and sugar didnt have anything to do with it. 大多数人听到巧克力这个词时，就会联想到一条巧克力棒、一盒奶油夹心巧克力糖，或一只巧克力兔子。进入脑海的动词则很可能是“吃”，而并非“喝”；而我们想到的最恰当的形容词大概是“甜”。然而严格说来，在巧克力发展的漫长历史中，人们在绝大部分时间里都把它当做一种饮料，而且糖跟它一点关系也没有。 History How did it all begin? Its hard to pin down exactly when chocolate was born, but its clear that it was cherished from the start. For several centuries in pre-modern Latin America, cacao beans were considered valuable enough to use as currency. One bean could be traded for a tamale, while 100 beans could purchase a good turkey hen, according to a 16th-century Aztec document. 我们很难确定巧克力诞生的确切年代，但有一点是很明确的，那就是自诞生之初，巧克力就一直备受珍爱。在前现代的拉丁美洲，人们在几个世纪里一直把可可豆视若珍宝，甚至把它当做货币使用。根据一份16世纪的阿兹特克文件记载，用一颗可可豆可以换来一个墨西哥玉米粉蒸肉卷，而用一百颗可可豆可以买到一只上好的母火鸡。 Both the Mayans and Aztecs believed the cacao bean had magical, or even divine, properties, suitable for use in the most sacred rituals of birth, marriage and death. According to Chloe Doutre-Roussels book The Chocolate Connoisseur, Aztec sacrifice victims who felt too melancholy to join in ritual dancing before their death were often given a gourd of chocolate (tinged with the blood of previous victims) to cheer them up. 玛雅人和阿兹特克人都认为可可豆具有神秘的甚至是神圣的特性，适合在诸如出生、结婚和死亡这些最神圣的仪式上使用。根据克洛艾·杜特-鲁塞尔的《巧克力鉴赏家》一书所述，阿兹特克的被献祭者因极度抑郁而无法参加祭祀之舞时，人们就在他们被献祭之前给他们喝下一瓢巧克力(含有少许已故祭祀品的血)，使他们振奋起来。 谁种下这神奇的种子 据历史记载,公元前1300年，居住在墨西哥东南部的有着高度文明的古印弟安人—奥尔梅克人（Olmec -奥尔梅克人是文献上记载的最早开始有文明的美洲人）已经开始栽种可可了。 可可以货币形式存在于早期的亚马逊平原 ????????公元前1500年,在奥尔梅克文明后，马雅（Maya）文明和阿兹特克（Aztec）文明进入中美洲。马雅人将可可豆打碎成浆状，并用其做成带着苦味的巧克力饮品Xaltelolco; 阿兹特克人也像马雅人一样，会在可可饮品中添加不同的调味料以增添风味. 在阿兹特克王朝时期，可可豆的价值极高，被当作钱币使用。当时阿