英汉互译第810课.docVIP

Lecture 8 Sentence Translation Omission 一、教学目的：要求熟练理解句子的翻译技 巧，从而在英汉翻译时做到通顺、准确。 二、教学过程： 1. 增译法 省译法 词类转换 正说反译、反说正译法 重译法 语态变换法 词序调整法 拆译法 Omission (省译法) 1) A book is useful. 书（是）有用（的）。 2) The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕太阳转。 3) On Sundays we have no school. 礼拜天我们不上课。 Omission (省译法) 任何事物具有两面，翻译既然有增译法，就必定有对应的减译法或省略法。省略法就是指原文中有些词在译文中不译出来，因为译文中虽无其词但已有其意，或者在译文中是不言而喻的。简言之省略法就是删去一些可有可无或有了反而累赘或违背译文表达习惯的词。省略法不是省掉原文的思想内容。这种省略多从语法和修辞角度考虑。 冠词、连词、代词（尤其是人称代词、关系代词）、关系副词等，在英语中经常使用，但译成汉语时很少出现，为了使译文忠实地道，减译法或省略法就不可少了。 1. 省略代词 英语中通常每句都有主语。但根据汉语习惯，若前句出现一个主语且后句仍为同一主语时，后句主语一般省掉。如： 1）He was thin and haggard and he looked miserable. 他身体消瘦，面容憔悴，看上去一副可怜相。 Cf：Like his friends he had many wonderful ideas, but he only put a few into practice. 他象他的朋友一样，虽然头脑里有许多美妙的想法，却只有少数付诸实施。 2) We live and learn. 活到老，学到老。 3) Everywhere you can find new types of men and objects in new Campus. 新校区处处可以看到新人、新事物。 4) If you give him an inch, he will take a mile. 得寸进尺。 5) I have received your letter and read it with delight. 我收到了你的信，愉快地读了。 6) When conditions exist, go ahead; when they don’t, create them and go ahead. 有条件要上；没有条件，创造条件也要上。 7) I wash my face in the morning. 我早上洗脸。 cf：别把手放在口袋里。Don’t put your hands in your pockets. 8) He shrugged his shoulders, shook his head, cast up his eyes, but said nothing. 他耸耸肩，摇摇头，两眼看天，一言不发。 Practice： ①. But it’s the way I am, and try as I might, I haven’t been able to change it. 但我就这个脾气，虽然几经努力，却未能改变过来。 ②. Anyone who does not recognize this fact is not a materialist. 不承认这个事实，就不是唯物主义者。 ③. The more you tried to hide your warts, the more you revealed them. 越是想掩盖烂疮疤（缺点、瑕疵），就越是会暴露。 ④. You must excuse me, I shall not speak of the matter again. 请原谅，我以后不会再提这事了。 ⑤. She put up her hand in a solute. 她举手致敬。 ⑥. Outside it was pitch dark and it was raining cats and dogs. 外面一团漆黑，大雨倾盆。 ⑦. It is only shallow people who judge by appearances. 只有浅薄的人才会以貌取人。 ⑧. It was with some difficulty that he found the way to his own house. 他费了不少劲才找到了回家的路。 2. 省略连词 我们在讨论增译法时，提到“汉语语言精炼，并列连词较少使用，其上下逻辑