镀金时代美国的腐败和处理.pptVIP

镀金时代美国的腐败及解决 镀金时代 (Gilded Age) 《镀金时代》是马克·吐温（Mark Twain）于1873年发表的一部小说，揭露了在经济繁荣的背景下，投机家、企业家和政府官吏三位一体掠夺财富的黑幕。后来这一概念成为19世纪最后三十年的代称和缩影。 一、镀金时代的腐败 （一）城市管理的腐败问题 William Tweed，known as Boss Tweed, was an American politician and political boss of Tammany Hall who became an icon of urban political machines. City Boss A boss, in cities, is a person who wields the power over a particular city. Bosses may dictate voting patterns, control appointments, and wield considerable influence in other political processes. Tweeds greatest influence came from being an appointed member of a number of boards and commissions, his control over political patronage in New York City. ------ Tweed’s ring began construction of a new county courthouse, on which $11 million was spent. Nearly $3 million went to a man named Garvey for plastering. Tweed approved the purchase of so many chairs, at about $2000 each, much higher than the real price. ---A History of the American People,p528 At the height of his influence, Tweed was the third-largest landowner in New York City, a director of the Erie Railroad, the Tenth National Bank, and the New-York Printing Company, as well as proprietor of the Metropolitan Hotel ------ Philadelphia :James McManes ,nickname:King Boston: Martin Lomasney; nickname: Czar Washington: Alexander Shephard Albany, Chicago, Cincinnati, Pittsburgh 在19世纪末20世纪初，美国大多数城市都被政治核心小集团所控制，其首领被称为“城市老板”。 -----《转型时期美国城市的政治腐败及其改革》 在1870—1945年间，美国大多城市都有老板及其“政治机器”的活动，其覆盖率达到了63.4%。 ---《特威德模式对美国“城市老板的误导”》 （二）联邦行政腐败 Ulysses S. Grant Corruptions was rampant in the Navy Department, where political favoritism dictated everything from the employment of workers in the shipyards to the contracts for the construction of new vessels. ---A History of the American People,p529 There were 11 scandals directly associated with Grants two terms. The main scandals included Black Friday in 1869, the Whiskey Ring in 1875, and his Secretary of