大型柴油机所用到传感器种类及原理.docVIP

船舶大型柴油机所用到的传感器种类及原理 【摘 要 】:船舶柴油机能够根据环境、工况等的变化进行自我调节和控制，它主要通过各种传感器来监测当前的运行参数。本文简要介绍温度传感器、压力传感器和速度位置传感器、电容式传感器测量液位、电阻应变式旋转扭矩传感器 。电容式传感器测量液位采用差动电容差压传感器测量液体的压力,利用液体的压力公式计算液位 ,设计了一种便携式低功耗液位仪。该仪器可以实现液位信号的采集和运算,同时还配有温度检测系统 ,通过软 件编程 对液位进行温度补偿 ,同时计算出液位值。最后简述了几种常见的电阻应变式旋转扭矩传感器,对包括接触式、非接触式,可断轴、不可断轴,高转速、低转速等各种测量状态下应采取哪种旋转扭矩传感器进行测量及各种旋转扭矩传感器的优缺点都进行了详细的分析 。 关键词： 船舶柴油机 ； 温度传感器 ； 压力传感器 ； 速度位置传感器 电容式传感器测量液位 ； 电阻应变式旋转扭矩传感器 [Abstract]:Marine diesel engine can be environmental, such as changes in working conditions for self-regulation and control, it is mainly through a variety of sensors to monitor the current operating parameters.This paper introduces the temperature sensor, pressure sensor and speed position sensors, capacitive sensors measure liquid level, resistance strain rotary torque sensors.Capacitive liquid level sensor using differential capacitive differential pressure sensor to measure the liquid pressure, the pressure of the liquid formula level, low-power design of a portable liquid level meter.The instrument can achieve level signal acquisition and operation, and comes with temperature detection system, by software programming the temperature compensation of the liquid, while the value calculated level.The application of the several common resistance strain rotary torque sensors, and include contact, non-contact, can be broken shaft, not off-axis, high speed, low speed and other measurements which should be taken under torsionmoment of the sensors and the advantages and disadvantages of various rotary torque sensors have carried out a detailed analysis. Key words：Marine diesel engine; temperature sensor; pressure sensor; speed position sensor Capacitive liquid level sensor; resistance strain rotary torque sensor 1、温度传感器 船舶柴油机上用的温度传器为二线式敏温度传感器，其外形如图2所示。随着温度的升高，热敏电阻的阻值降低，正常情况下阻值在500Ω～40 ｋΩ之间变化，表１所示为一个典型的康明斯温度传感器参数，具体参数值请参照随电路图提供的传感器技术参数表。图3为温度传感器的工作原理图。随着温度的升高，热敏电阻值降低，从而使信号电压降低，根据温度传感器的工作原理，可以用检查热敏电阻 阻值的方法检查温度传感器，通过对比实际测量所得的电阻值和参数表中的电阻值，来判断温度传感器是