第07章：环境放射化学.pdfVIP

第 31 卷 增刊 核 化 学 与 放 射 化 学 Vol. 31 Suppl. 2009 年 7 月 Journal of Nuclear and Radiochemistry July 2009 文章编号：0253-9950 （2009 ）S0-0045-08 环境放射化学 刘春立 北京分子科学国家实验室，放射化学与辐射化学重点学科实验室， 北京大学 化学与分子工程学院 应用化学研究所，北京 100871 摘要：环境放射化学是伴随着人们对环境中放射性核素健康效应的关注于 20 世纪 50 年代产生的一门交 叉学科。在过去的半个多世纪里，作为放射化学的一个重要分支，环境放射化学在世界范围内得到快速 发展。目前，由于对高放废物安全性的严重关切，人们需要深入了解一些弱吸附性放射性核素和超铀核 素在环境介质中的扩散、迁移、吸附、解吸以及在植物和水生生物中的吸收、富集和载带过程，以便为 处置库安全评价提供基础参数。本文简要介绍了环境放射化学的产生、发展、现状及未来发展趋势，以 期为我国环境放射化学教育和科研服务。 关键词：环境；放射化学；现状；趋势 中图分类号：X131 文献标志码：A Environmental Radiochemistry LIU Chun-li Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China th Abstract ：Environmental radiochemistry was developed up in the middle of the 1950 along with the concerns of the health effects of radionuclides in the environment. During the past half century, as an important branch of radiochemistry, the environmental radiochemistry has been developed up rapidly in the world. Currently, since the serious concerns of the safety of high level radioactive wastes, the diffusion, migration, sorption in environmental media and taking up by plants and aquatic animals of weakly sorbed and long lived radionuclides need to be well understood in terms of safety assessment of geologic repositories. This paper briefly reviews the development of environmental radiochemistry, and the current focus of foundmental research of