Chapter 10 Control of gene Transcriptional in eukaryotes-上传.pdf

Chapter 10 Regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes 真核基因表达调控 Contents  Overview  Chromatin Structure affects gene expression  DNA methylation affects gene expression  Gene Expression is Controlled by Regulatory Proteins  miRNA can regulate target gene expression 1 Overview  真核生物基因调控的特点  基因表达的不同水平：丰富mRNA和稀少RNA  持家基因和奢侈基因 Eukaryotic gene expression can be controlled at multiple levels Lodish et al. -”Transcriptional control is the primary means of regulating gene expression in eukaryotes”. Similarity of regulation between eukaryotes and prokaryote 1.Principles are the same:  signals (信号),  activators and repressors (激活蛋白和阻遏蛋 白)  recruitment and allostery, cooperative binding (招募，异构和协同结合) 2. The gene expression steps subjected to regulation are similar, and the initiation of transcription is the most pervasively regulated step. 5 Difference in regulation between eukaryotes and prokaryote  Pre-mRNA splicing adds an important step for regulation. (mRNA前体的剪接)  The eukaryotic transcriptional machinery is more elaborate than its bacterial counterpart. (真核转录机 器更复杂)  Nucleosomes and their modifiers influence access to genes. (核小体及其修饰体)  Many eukaryotic genes have more regulatory binding sites and are controlled by more regulatory proteins than are bacterial genes. (真核基因有更多 结合位点) 6 真核细胞基因表达的调控的层次  染色体和染色质水平  转录水平  RNA加工水平  转录后加工产物从细胞核向细胞质转运过程中 所受的调控  翻译水平  蛋白质合成后选择性地被激活和控制  控制mRNA选择性降解的调控 基因表达的水平：丰富mRNA和稀少mRNA 鸡的输卵管过量mRNA与 其cDNA杂交的动力学 丰富组分：每种序列的拷贝数 ~1,000-10,000 稀有组分：每种序列的拷贝数＜ 10 h