淡水生态学简介.pdf

淡水生态学 Freshwater ecology 源自暨南大学水生所 1  淡水生态学Freshwater ecology is the study of the structure, function, and change of organisms in fresh waters as affected by their dynamic physical, chemical, and biotic environments.  . 2 湖泊分区(Lake zones) 沿岸带 敞水带 湖沼带 挺水植物 浮叶植物 真光层 透光层 沉水植物 底栖带 3 湖泊类型与起源 4 （一）构造湖Tectonic lakes basins formed by movements of the earth’s crust （二）火山口湖Volcanic lakes （三）河成湖Fluvial Lakes 5 （四）牛轭湖 6 （五）堰塞湖Landslide lakes  lakes formed by rock slides, mudslides damming streams in valleys 7 （六）冰川湖Glacial lakes 是由冰川挖蚀成的洼坑和水渍物堵 塞冰川槽谷积水而成的一类湖泊 8 （七）岩溶湖Solution lakes  formed by the slow dissolving of soluble rock by water. Most formed in areas with limestone bedrock. •典型的岩溶湖是由碳酸盐类地层经流 水的长期溶蚀所产生的岩溶洼地、岩溶 漏斗或落水洞等被堵，经汇水而形成的 一类湖泊。 9 (八)海成湖Shoreline lakes  created at irregularities or indentations along the coastline of large lakes. Usually result of long shore currents depositing material as a spit or bar at the mouth of the indentation