呼吸系统（吕）.PPTVIP

呼吸系统respiratory system 吕寒冰 lvhanbing@zju.edu.cn 2011.9 功能： gas exchange 组成： 呼吸道 respiratory tract 鼻 nose 咽 pharynx 上呼吸道 喉 larynx 气管 trachea 各级支气管 bronchi 肺 lung 鼻 Nose 1.外鼻 external nose 鼻根、鼻背、鼻尖、鼻翼 鼻唇沟 呼吸区respiratory region 和嗅区olfactory region 上鼻甲 中鼻甲 下鼻甲 蝶筛隐窝 半月裂孔 筛漏斗 筛泡 喉 larynx 1.位置：颈部，3-6颈椎前方 2. 喉软骨——喉的支架 甲状软骨 thyroid cartilage 环状软骨 cricoid cartilage 会厌软骨 epiglottic cartilage 杓状软骨 arytenoid cartilage 甲状软骨：左右板、前角、喉结、上切迹、上角、下角 环状软骨：环状软骨弓、环状软骨板、杓关节面、甲关节面 ——唯一完整的软骨环→支撑呼吸道 会厌软骨：甲状会厌韧带、会厌 杓状软骨：声带突、肌突 3.喉的连结 1）甲状舌骨膜thyrohyoid membrane、甲状舌骨正中韧带median thyrohyoid ligament 2）环甲关节 cricothyroid joint 3）环杓关节 cricoarytenoid joint 4）方形膜 quadrangular membrane 5）弹性圆锥 conus elasticus 、声韧带vocal ligament、环甲正中韧带median cricothyroid ligament 6）环状软骨气管韧带cricotracheal ligament 4.喉腔 laryngeal cavity * * 下呼吸道 2.鼻腔 nasal cavity 鼻中隔 nasal septum 鼻孔 nostril 鼻后孔 choanae 鼻前庭 nasal vestibule 鼻阈 nasal limen 固有鼻腔 nasal cavity proper The formation of the nasal septum 2 Bones, 1 Cartilage, Nasal mucous membrane: olfactory region respiratory region 易出血区 Little region 嗅区 呼吸区 3. 鼻旁窦 Paranasal Sinuses 额窦 frontal sinus 上颌窦 maxillary sinus 蝶窦 sphenoidal sinus 筛窦 ethmoidal sinus 4对鼻旁窦 的开口 1. cricothyroid joint: rotate around the coronary axis 2. cricoarytenoid joints: rotate around the vertical axis 3. conus elasticus: free and thicked upper border formed the vocal ligament 4. quadrangular membrane: free lower border formed vestibular ligament 5. thyrohyoid membrane 1 2 5 3 4 喉口：会厌上缘、杓状会厌襞和杓间切迹2 2flod — 前庭襞vestibular fold 声襞vocal fold 2 fissures— 前庭裂vestibular fissure 声门裂fissure of glottis 3 parts — 喉前庭laryngeal vestibule 喉中间腔intermediate cavity of larynx 声门下腔infraglottic cavity 喉室 * * * * *