测绘专业名词解释（Interpretation of Surveying and mapping terminology）.docVIP

测绘专业名词解释（Interpretation of Surveying and mapping terminology） Geodetic datum Is the basis for the establishment of national geodetic coordinate system and calculate the national geodetic control network in the geodetic coordinates. It includes parameter measurement of the earth group and a group of initial data, the geodetic parameters mainly include four constants as the earth ellipsoid geodetic coordinate system on the basis of the establishment, namely the equatorial radius of the earth ellipsoid, geocentric gravitational constant GM, J2 (with harmonic coefficients derived flattening of ellipsoid and the earth rotation angle of W F), and to determine the geodetic coordinate system and control network length reference light speed in vacuum C; and a set of initial data refers to the national geodetic control network starting point (as the origin of the earth) earth longitude, latitude, elevation of the earth earth and to think of local neighbor direction angle. Geoid It is an irregular closed surface formed by the stationary sea surface and extending to the continent. It is the equipotential surface of gravity, that is, when the object moves along the surface, gravity does not do work (as water does not flow on this surface). The geoid is an important physical reference surface for describing the shape of the earth, and also the starting point of the elevation system. The geoid is determined by determining the distance between it and the reference ellipsoid - the geoid gap (for the geoid, called elevation anomaly). The parameters and concepts of geoid and elevation are ubiquitous in the objective world and play an important role in the national economic construction. Geoid is one of geodetic datum, and the determination of geoid is an important project in national fundamental surveying and mapping. It combines geometric geodesy with physical geodesy, which enables people to determine the geometric positions of space while obtaining important information such as the