Proper names 课件.pptVIP

4. 利用短语代替汉语陈述句 例9. 农业的现代化是扩大就业的物质基础 Modernization of Agriculture as the Material Basis for Enlarging Employment 例10. 弗吉尼亚.伍尔夫是英国意识流小说家 Virginia Woolf as A Stream-of- Consciousness Novelist R C up E down Proper Names I. Types of Proper Names 1. names of persons 2. names of places 3. names of organizations 4. names of works R C up E down On behalf of the Chinese Government, Vice-Premier Wan Li accepts a “population clock” presented by Manfred Kulessa, UN representative to China, at a meeting held on Saturday in Beijing to mark the “Day of 5 Billion”. 在星期六举行的北京纪念世界“50亿人口日”集会上，万里副总理代表中国政府接受联合国驻华代表孔雷飒赠送的一台“人口时钟”。 R C up E down 1. Confusion Sir Isaac Newton 奈端 （牛顿） Pushkin 普式庚（普希金） Victor Hugo 嚣俄/ 许俄（雨果） Chicago 诗家谷/支家哥（芝加哥） logic: “名学”（严复），“里则学”（孙中山）逻辑学 Philosophy：“致知”（马相伯），“道”（蔡元培） freedom：“伏利当”（严复） up E down R C 2. Causes of the confusion The great confusion comes from (1)the transliteration of all proper names from the English spelling and English pronunciation, (2) the variation in the spoken sound of the Chinese characters used in the translated names, (3) the great number of homonyms in Chinese, and (4) the mixed use of the old and new translated names. up E down R C 3. Remedy rules (1) Follow the pronunciation of the owners of proper names;(名从主人) (2) Use the standard pronunciation of the Chinese character;(标准汉音) (3) Adopt the established popular translated names.（约定俗成） up E down R C (1) Proper names to follow the pronunciation of their owners It is unquestionably true that all the proper names should be transliterated from the correct pronunciation of their owners. E.g. The French names should be transliterated directly from the correct French pronunciation. The Chinese translations of “England, France, Germany, Italy, London, Paris, Berlin and Rome” are correct ones according to this rule. up E down R C (2) To Use the standard pronunciation of the Chinese character Chinese characters are all monosyllabic with a sin